Light pollution (excessive light during night time) is a form of pollution that distresses many people, especially in modern cities. What are the causes of light pollution, and what solutions can you suggest for governments and businesses to take?

Light pollution (excessive light during night time) is a form of pollution that distresses many people, especially in modern cities. What are the causes of light pollution, and what solutions can you suggest for governments and businesses to take?

 

Ielts Essay - Light Pollution 

The primary cause of this, not so new,  phenomenon is the light escaping from the conspicuous street lighting systems installed almost everywhere on main roads, streets, alleys, and several other locations frequented by public. These do not only illuminate the areas they are meant for but also the adjoining ones. On the top of that, due to their defective designing or focusing, a lot of light tends to escape towards the skies too.

In addition to the above, besides street lights, the big self illuminated bright billboards used by the authorities and businesses to highlight their establishments and products are also to blame for this pollution. These brightly shine throughout the night, lighting up the  skylines of cities; thus blurring the skies. Additionally, with security being a major concern today, every nook and corner of complexes – that may include parking, office complexes, etc. – are given a more than required illumination, which leaves the areas flooded with light.

However, this, despite being a difficult to resolve  issue, remedies are available. It is necessary to redesign the street light equipment, which focus only on the intended areas instead of dispersing in unwanted direction, especially towards the skies. Furthermore, businesses also must fulfill their social obligations by limiting the use of huge illuminated advertising boards and hoardings.

To conclude, illuminating  public areas is primary factor that is contributing to the light pollution. Better designs, and imposing voluntary restrictions on  the hours of use of advertising and decorative could surely help.

In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Ielts Essay High Speed Trains or Public Transport System

The proposal of establishing high speed rail transit system has evoked mixed responses from different schools of thought: one that favors it, and the others who assert that it is more important to modernize existing mass transit networks.  

Introducing high speed rail would make travelling between cities and distant locations, easy and convenient, especially for those who must cover great distances to reach their work. Urban sprawl has made cities not only spill over their outer fringes, due to congestion, but also unaffordable to live. This is pushing people to live away from their work – in suburbs, exurbs and even other towns. Consequently, incrementing the time wasted everyday in travelling. Having high speed rails would render them relief.

High  speed rail transit would help reducing vehicular traffic and pollution. It has been seen that in absence of any credible mode of movement that could guarantee speed and comfort, most elite embrace private conveyance. However, with high speed trains at their disposal, they would be encouraged to switch to this mode, which would consequently, eliminate congestion; and hence pollution. 

Nevertheless, a lobby strongly favors modernization of existing networks of means of mass transit. Why should governments overlook majority interest for the sake of a minority group. Public modes are generally accessed by lower and middle income groups: these provide them with affordable transportation, as  a result, making their lives and financial matters manageable: they do not have to allocate a major part of their budget on travelling. 

On an overall, I personally feel, despite a majority tilting in favor of improving public transportation, high speed rail networks should be considered in a broader perspective. These, once assimilated with the society, could become a mass mode of travelling and offer sustainable transport solutions. 

Private companies that support and carry out scientific research are spending more than governments these days. Do the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages? Explain and give your reasons.

Private companies that support and carry out scientific research are spending more than governments these days. Do the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages? Explain and give your reasons.

Ielts Essay Private R&D

Nowadays, private establishments are investing more than government into carrying out exploration in different fields. This as per some carries several benefits though others point out at the drawbacks. The questions arises here is whether the positives of this phenomenon outstrip negatives, or it it otherwise. I will discuss both these aspects and arrive at a logical conclusion.

Undoubtedly, private investment into R&D means speedy project initiation. Private organizations can arrange funds to be injected into such endeavors quickly: they do not have wait for the essential financial resources, as the these organizations can immediately spring into action and gather money to finance a venture, while  a government concern needs to get several clearances and also overcome bureaucratic hurdles, which can take an invariably long time to arrive at a fruition stage.

Besides this, private organizations seek productivity and optimum utilization of money and manpower resources, resulting in efficient deployment of each component. While each penny is accounted for, the expertise pushed into the projects also strive to meet deadlines. This is quite unlike government aided projects where due to job security, there is a lack of accountability among the personnel. This immensely slows down the flow and execution of any exploration.

Having said that, the associated failings of privately-funded research and development forces people to rethink. Many a times, it has been observed that in order to obliterate competition, businesses are tempted to release research results prematurely, and that also without validating outcomes and impact. This can jeopardize public safety, and lead to unwarranted consequences.

In conclusion, despite certain pitfalls, it is clear the benefits of private involvement in exploration projects outstrip its drawbacks by miles. Hence, controversies should be buried and private endeavors and forays should be promoted.